Islamic Insurance Takaful
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Islamic Insurance Takaful
It has become apparent that Sharia compliant alternatives in the areas of banking and insurance are indeed attractive to consumers, end users, and financial intermediaries. The
Policyholders co-operate among themselves for their common good. Every policyholder pays his subscription to help those that need assistance. Losses are divided and liabilities spread according to the community pooling system. Uncertainty is eliminated in respect of subscription and compensation. It does not derive advantage at the cost of others.
Theoretically, Takaful is perceived as cooperative insurance, where members contribute a certain sum of money to a common pool. The purpose of this system is not profits but to uphold the principle of "bear ye one another’s burden." Commercial insurance is strictly not allowed for Muslim as agreed upon by most contemporary scholars because it contains the following elements: i) Al-Gharar (Uncertainty) ii) Al-Maisir (Gambling) iii) Riba (Interest)
There are three (3) models and several variations on how Takaful can be implemented.
Mudharabah Model ,Wakalah Model, Combination of both
The Mudharabah Model (Profit Sharing)
By this principle, the entrepreneur or al-Mudharib (Takaful operator) will accept payment of the Takaful installments or Takaful contributions premium termed as Ra's-ul-Mal from investors or providers of capital or fund (Takaful participants) acting as Sahib-ul-Mal. The contract specifies how the surplus from the operations of Takaful managed by the Takaful operator is to be shared, in accordance with the principle of al-Mudharabah, between the participants as the providers of capital and the Takaful operator as the entrepreneur. The sharing of such profit may be in a ratio 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, etc. as mutually agreed between the contracting parties. In order to eliminate the element of uncertainty in the Takaful contract, the concept of tabarru (to donate, to contribute, to give away) is incorporated. In relation to this a participant shall agree to relinquish as tabarru, certain proportion of his Takaful installments or Takaful contributions that he agrees or undertakes to pay thus enabling him to fulfil his obligation of mutual help and joint guarantee should any of his fellow participants suffer a defined loss.
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